On June 15, 2025, a Strategic Commentary written by Professor Nobumasa Akiyama (Graduate School of Law) titled “A Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Israel’s Attack on Iran’s Nuclear Program” was published on the website of the Japan Institute of International Affairs（JIIA）. This article analyzes Israel’s “Operation Rising Lion,” launched on June 13, and provides an overview of Iran’s key nuclear facilities, along with an assessment of the attack and its broader significance. According to Professor Akiyama, while the large-scale strikes may have caused some delays to Iran’s nuclear development plans, they did not eliminate its core capabilities. Iran retains the technical capacity to convert its nuclear program to weapons production within a short timeframe. He suggests that Iran’s future decisions—whether to restore damaged facilities or accelerate its nuclear development—will depend closely on its domestic political stability and the potential for further measures by the United States and Israel. He further notes that regional tensions are entering a new phase, potentially involving increased U.S. military intervention, and calls for continued analysis of the long-term implications for both the nuclear non-proliferation regime and regional stability.