Summary On July 31, 2023, The History of International Human Rights Law, in which a chapter was written by Professor Hitomi Takemura at the Graduate School of Law, was published. The professor wrote the chapter, “The Postwar Conception of the Allied Powers and the Charter Regime: The Dramatic Development of International Criminal Law and International Human Rights Law.” This chapter discusses the background of the Allied conception of the post-war international order and the process and significance of international trials for war crimes. Professor Takemura begins by pointing out that the lessons learned from the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials include the adoption by the UN General Assembly of the principles recognized in the Nuremberg judgment and the establishment that crimes against peace and humanity are crimes under the international law. She then reviews the history of the UN Charter regime and the conception and drafting of the International Bill of Human Rights and discusses the impact of the Holocaust on international human rights protection. Finally, she concludes that the universal values of respecting human dignity and achieving justice in the Allied Powers' conception of the postwar international order have led to the recognition of the UN as a universal international organization and to States’ adherence to international human rights law.