Summary On August 26, 2022, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Review Conference came to a close without reaching a consensus on the final document. Professor Nobumasa Akiyama, who oversaw the conference process as an advisor to the Japanese delegation, discussed "confidence building" and "crisis management," which will be key issues at future NPT Review Conferences. After describing the points of this year’s NPT Review Conference, Professor Akiyama shared his views on how to encourage countries to work together to address common issues at future conferences.