Summary For Huang Zunxian, the spirit for modernization is thought to have been formed by a combination of external factors brought about by external impact from Japan and the West, and internal factors brought about by the academic spirit of the Qing dynasty, such as practical learning. In addition to the introduction of Japanese things, his "Miscellaneous Poetry on Japan"（Riben Zashi Shi）also revealed the inner thoughts of Huang Zunxian.